Effects of Renewable Energy in Nigeria

Effects of Renewable Energy in Nigeria AN INTRODUCTORY REVIEW: We are in the era, where we regularly envisage different sort of problems, some have a severe distress in it and some are like to be flash instantly. Poverty, financial instability, unemployment are some of the basic problems our society have faced from a number of years, but apart from that problems there are such problems which really makes the world like a hell. I intend to divert intentions towards some problems, which becomes so common across the globe. Energy Crisis and its conservation and environmental problems are some of the main problems our society has been facing from past few years. Before going further in to the details of its impacts and the problems which may arise from its threats, lets take a closer look of Energy Conservation and different environmental problems. AN OVERVIEW OF ENERGY CONSERVATION: Electricity and energy is now becomes an integral part of our routine life. Believe or not we are totally on the mercy of the energy to accomplish our different task. It has been observed that, and we also noticed that, the fear of energy crisis has been surging from past few years chaotically, which intervenes between the country to viable economically. After listen the name of the energy crisis, the thing which instantly clicks in our mind is the mitigation plan for this action and to abridge its threats accordingly. The practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used is known as the energy conservation. Efficiently uses any thing will enhance the productivity of that thing and will condense the hazards associated with it. A number of attributes are associated with the conservation of energy like deducing the financial cost which ultimately effects on the bottom line, other advantages includes national security, personal security and  human comforts. One of the important forms of energy is the Electrical energy, which is in use by the human beings exaggeratedly that is why the conservation of energy is termed as an integral element of the energy policy (Mike Adams, 2008). There are a number of problems connected with the energy conservation which exacerbates the situation, which we will examine in details when we move further. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENERGY CONSERVATION: Before going in to the details of the problems of the energy, I want to do a mind set of my readers regarding the uses of energy. Let me mention some examples associated with the transformation of different types of energy into the form of energy and heat. I have found a process of energy transmitting and processing which is mentioned below. †¢Ã‚  Oil is being burns to produce heat. †¢Ã‚  Heat boils the water †¢Ã‚  Water then turns into steam †¢Ã‚  Steams Pressure than turns a turbine †¢Ã‚  Turbine use to on the electric generator. †¢Ã‚  Generator than generates electricity. †¢Ã‚  Electricity than empowers the light bulbs, which gives us (the end users) lights and heat. The main problem lies with the energy is the exhalation of different types of injurious and devastative gases which spoil the health of a person in an outrageous manner. Carbon dioxide is one of the main threats for the health of the human being. A number of people consensuses that the gas act as a transparent blanket due to the atmospheric work. Synthetically speaking, carbon dioxide is combustion of gas, coal and oil which uses in the heating system and in car engines (Mike Adams, 2008). Health professionals and Doctors said that, carbon dioxide is the most perilous gas for the human being which demolishes the respiratory system of a person after penetration that is why the Doctors exhorts a lot to keep distance with plants at night because the plants excrete the carbon dioxide which can be disperse in a person if he doesnt take the safety majors into consideration. Apart from the hazards of carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide is also a major foe of the humans health. Sulfur dioxide emit ted in the air when the coal is being burned. Sulfur dioxide produces with the burning of coal which penetrates in the clouds after react with water and oxygen to from precipitation which commonly knows as acid rain, which is not even injurious for the human being but also for the sea spices. Acid rain is very harmful for the humans skin and sometimes it plays a vital role to inflate the fear of skin cancer. There are a number of factors which influences on the conservation of energy, threats of severe disease are the some examples of it. HOW ENERGY CONSERVATION MITIGATE SUCH PROBLEM We are in an era where the technologies really matters and we cant bear the crisis of this energy. Energy conservation is a brave and bold step towards efficiently use the energy in diversified sectors. Electrical energy and oil is the main thing which we have to utilize for the economic development of a country. The unavailability of these two things will make the situation chaotic for a country. Lets see in details what value efficient energy conservation can add in the accounts for a country. ?  Increment in the energy efficiency, resultantly makes the energy relatively cheaper, which is equally beneficial for the users and for the Government as well. ?  Increased energy efficiency will definitely lead to enhance the economic and physical growth, which spikes the graph of energy use in the whole economy.   ?  Efficiently uses the fuel energy will help to increase the production among the industries of a country which leads to a higher quality of life. ?  The threats we discussed earlier, which will be born from the poisonly gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide can be abate with the help of energy conservation. It will help to reduce the effects of headache, stress, blood pressure, fatigue and work pressure. ?  Telecommunication becomes a major part to viable a company economically as a number of business been done on the telephone, so we have to be vigilant regarding the efficient use of telecommunication energy from a business stand point. ?  It is observed that electric motors, like elevators, water pumping machines, refrigerators and other electric home appliances consume more than 60% of all electrical energy, which become a major cause of the loss of 10 to 20 percent of all electricity. In order to tackle with this menace, we have to be cautious granted the wastage of energy. What can we do in this regards, is not an uphill task at all, use the electrical appliances when we use it like bulbs, iron, juicer blender and all such kind of things. ?  The problem of energy crisis persists in the whole world, because of the unavailability of the natural resources to produce the electricity energy. ?  Usage of bicycle and walking rigorously instead of driving to overcome on the fuel crisis. ?  Use air to dry clothes rather than the clothes dryer machine. ?  Install a programmable thermostat in your room cooler and air conditioners, which automatically adjusts the temperature when you are in bed or away. ?  Switch off ligh ts when leaving a room. The view of energy conservation, is been defined to give a thorough overview of renewable energy, now lets take a brief look over the stance of renewable energy. AN OVERVIEW OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY: The energy which has been generated from the natural resources, like the sunlight, rain, tides, wind, and geothermal heat which can be refill tranquilly is called renewable energy. It has been estimated that in the year 2006, about 18% of the global energy consumptions came from renewable from which 13% imminent from biomass like from burning of the wood. Hydroelectricity is known as the second largest resource of the renewable energy which conduced 3% of the energy consumption and 15% of electric generation across the globe in the year 2008 (Global Status Report 2007). Wind power is also a famous form of the renewable energy which has a remarkable growth rate of around 30% annually with a installed capacity of over 121,000 megawatts in the year 2008, which has been massively used in Europe and in the United States of America (USA) (Renewable Global Status Report: 2009 Pg- 9). As per estimation the annual manufacturing output of the photovoltaic industry breached the level of 6900 MW in the year 2008. The photovoltaic power stations are quite popular in Spain and Germany because of their credible performance. Solar thermal power station is also one of the famous stations which mainly operate in USA and Spain. The largest of the solar thermal power station produces 354 MW operated in the Mojave Dessert. The Geysers is the world largest Geothermal Power Station (GPS) which is located in California, with a record or rated capacity of 750 MW (Calpine Corporation The Geysers. Retrieved from http://www.geysers.com). Brazil is the country who has the largest setup program of the renewable energy; it also involves the production of ethanol fuel which has been produced with the help of the sugar cane and the essence of the ethanol provides 18% of the countrys automotive fuel. Apart from the Brazil, ethanol fuel is also amply available in USA, while most of the renewable energy projects and its production on the large scale are also suited to the small off-grid applicat ions which sometimes located in the rural and remote areas, wherein the component of the energy are so essential for the human development (World Energy Assessment (2001). Renewable energy technologies, pg. 221). Kenya is the country which has the worlds highest household solar ownership rate with roughly 30,000 small (20-100 watt) solar power systems sold per year (What Solar Power Needs Now Renewable Energy Access, 13 August 2007). The market of the renewable energy has been envisage a continuous growth but the climate change like the high oil prices and mounting government support are driving spurring renewable energy legislation incentives and commercialization. HYDROPOWER ENERGY: Hydropower is inevitably is the largest source of the renewable energy, which provides 10% of the nations overall electricity. As per estimation, there were over 77,000 Megawatts of hydropower, which are adequate enough to provide energy to 35 million homes. Hydropower energy has been produce with the help of the water. The water has been utilized in this way that its flow will be converting in the hydropower energy. Most of the water which has been utilized for this purpose taken from the rivers or released through turbines to produce enough energy for the global usage. The power source has a great element attached with it, which is the releasing of the population so the ingredients which have been implant in the water will not harm the living beings and also the ocean species. However, scientist endeavors really hard through the latest technology to reduce the loss of marine life from the adverse effects of the energy, but the core problem with the technology is that, it is highly expensive and take a long time to build. Renewable energy technology is improving considerably. The prices of energy have dropped because new vehicles with sophisticated fuel systems and substitute fuels like the Ethanol are being launched and are a way to better technological encroachments. BIOMASS/BIO-ENERGY: As per the estimation and the result of the statistics the biomass construct about 7,000 megawatts of renewable electricity. Biomass fuels come from the forestry like the wood products, agriculture, constructions and transportation. Like the hydropower energy, which can be produce by replace the water into energy, it has also produced by reinstate the coal into the power plant which produces the energy. It has considered producing the energy because it fabricates less sulfur dioxide than coal. The operations of the Mill give the impression to be the chief basis of biomass energy in the U.S.  On the contrary, Europe illustrates its foremost source of bio-energy from urban wood squander.  However, the third world countries make lumber their most important source of the bio-energy. As per the statistics, 11% of the world obtains s its energy from biomass stations.  Developing countries use about 35% of the biomass energy; by contrast the poorest ones use roughly 90%. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: Geothermal energy has the propensity to produce about 2,800 Megawatts of energy each year, or more precisely it can be say that 0.2% of the energy of US as a whole. Geothermal energy is shaped from logically taking place condensation and scorching dampens as of beneath the Earths exterior.  The vapor turns around a turbine, which in revolve powers of an electric generator.  Apart from that, the hot water can also be used to unswervingly heat edifices.  The disadvantage to geothermal energy is that land sites are very hard to find and tremendously rare.  An optimistic fact is that geothermal energy is very cost effective and dependable. WIND ENERGY: Wind energy manufactures a propos 2,500 Megawatts of energy, and engenders a measly .1% of our electricity.  The blustery weather turns blades in the region of a hub, which is allied to the main streak.  The core streak spins the generator.  The extent of turbines is gritty by how much energy is needed.  Miniature wind turbines are frequently used for homes, farms and ranches.  Other ways to use wind energy include grinding grain and pumping water. Wind is classed in categories of 1 through 7, with 7 being the highest and 1 being the lowest.  A good blustery weather source that has a class of 3 or higher is the east shoreline and along the Appalachian Mountains.  North Dakota is an excellent wind source. The drawbacks of wind energy are that again, the technology is very luxurious and unaffordable, the equipment is acknowledged to be earsplitting natural world have been killed by successively into the turbines, and the wind might not be present at convinced period all o ver the year. PHOTOVOLTAICS (PV) CELLS: PHOTOVOLTAICS PV cells generate electrical energy from the sunlight.  Resources used in computer chips are comparable to resources used in PV cells.  These resources soak up the sunlight, which frees the electrons from their atoms and mandates them to produce the electricity. PV cells are enormous because they dont entail high continuation, are very reliable and dependable, and dont produce pollutants. Even though it is better to use renewable energy, we immobile have to use some type of relic fuels.  We can, nevertheless, make the paramount choices, by using normal gas for water heating and power domestic device, which not only is better for the environment, but costs effective as well. The negative aspect to this power resource is that it costs more than other energy sources and tends to work in actual fact only when the sun is immaculate. THE NIGERIAN ENERGY SITUATION From the residence expansion based evaluation description on the Niger Delta Environment, it was acknowledged that water and oil which are the two rich normal resources in the region are the springs and grounds of miserable deficiency. The equivalent can be said about vigor possessions such as gas, coal etc. in Nigeria, which is in huge large quantity, yet there is energy dearth in the country. Climate Change Climate change is like the Sword of Damocles hanging over humanity. It is simply the process by which human emissions of Greenhouse Gases are believed to be causing changes in the Earths climate system. The emission of Green House Gases (mostly from anthropogenic activities) into the atmosphere, turn out to deplete the ozone layer that absorbs/shields the atmosphere of intensive sun radiation and in turn makes the planet earth unduly warm with resultant variations in climate conditions. This phenomenon is known as climate change. It brings about global warming that is responsible for increases in extreme weather conditions, rise in sea level, storms, floods, decrease in rainfalls, droughts, impairment of the ecosystems and its biodiversities which human life depends on, rapidly melting glaciers, destabilization of major ice sheets, desertification, decrease in agricultural produce etc. Government effort Government effort in the area of developing energy sector to the improvement of the poor status quo is on-going as seen in the current legislative process on national energy bill for an act that will lead to the establishment of a national agency that will take charge of regulating, enforcing policies and developing the energy sector in Nigeria. Just as we now have the National Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA), so we hope to have the national energy regulatory agency when the bill is enacted into law. Yet, if we must achieve energy efficiency, gas flaring must not exist and in the face of governments discouraging effort in that direction, much is expected to be done, particularly by the civil society. Although the issuance of deadline for flares-out, January 2008 is reasonable, whereas its commitment to realizing it is absolutely discouraging due to lack of compliance on cash calls to the tune of $4billion (N508 billion) yearly for joint venture projects (JVP). This is due to the fact that the Federal Government through NNPC owns the largest stake in the JVP. The oil/gas sector have since been working on various gas utilization projects, by way of using gas for power generation to, at least, improve epileptic nature of power supply in the country, while some are working on exporting the gas. On Gas-to-Power Project The International Finance Institutions (IFIs) and the World Bank are currently assisting the Agips Kwale Partners Flaring-Reduction to use the natural gas to generate electricity. The project is further supported by Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) a Public Private Partnership (PPP) project and is to be registered as a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project under the Kyoto Protocol. The Kwale Partners Flaring Reduction Project which is 40% stake to Nigerian AGIP and 60% to NNPC, will be the first to put associated natural gas into generating electricity in Nigeria and will eliminate 1.5 million tons of CO2 thus becoming the 10th largest in the 2,160 projects in CDP pipeline of Kyoto Protocol. There are also plans to build a $10billion (N1.27 trillion) gas pipeline network across the Sahara Desert through Niger, Algeria, across the Mediterranean for export of gas from Nigeria to Europe by Shell. In addition to that, the West Africa Gas Pipeline (WAGP) project spearheaded by Ch evron is to also export gas from Nigeria to Benin, Togo and Ghana, with capacity of 75 billion cubit feet a year and would cost $590 million (N74.6 billion). SPDC, NNPC are equally partners in the project. And for Ghana Pipeline stretch, the World Bank has already provided guarantee for $50 million (N6.3 billion) while $75million (N9.5billion) political risk guarantee has also been provided for West African Gas Pipeline Company (WAGPCO) that will operate the project. Chevron has 36.7 % stake in WAGPCO, Shell, Tokoradi Power Company Limited of Ghana, Togolaise de Gaz and Societe Beninoise de Gaz are other shareholders in the company. Impacts and Statistics Meanwhile, United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOOA) in its studies revealed that Nigeria flares 75% of its Natural gas for lack of processing facilities and that amounted to 20% of flared gas Worldwide. Secondly, according to Earth Trend Country Profile 2003, its report on Nigeria shows that Nigeria flares 2.5billion cubic feet per day of associated gas and that represents 40% of all natural gas consumed in the continent of Africa and further represents the single largest sources of GHG emissions on planet earth. On that note the Nigerian Government is doubling its effort in seeking support on how to tackle the issue of flares-out. Presently, the Government is seeking assistance from Norway, while World Bank is presently mediating between it and the Multinational oil/gas companies for a compromise on the ultimatum to end gas flaring January 2008. SUSTAINABLE HOUSING IN NIGERIA: One may perchance be excited to put why accent is being positioned on the housing. Firstly of all mans basic needs, housing questionably, constitutes and incontrovertibly poses the supreme challenge. Secondly, dynamic and lighthearted accommodation sectors are a proposition of a physically powerful curriculum of countrywide investment and are to be sure the groundwork of and the first step to future monetary growth and social development. The unpleasant housing delivery is consequently a most important factor in the nations gross domestic product (GDP) and indeed this reflects the mirror and the gauge of the state of health of the Nation. Financially viable activities are well recognized to include all aspects of human enterprise that are heading for towards the conception of wealth. It is also known that one of the foundations of person needs is to try to find to augment our self worth by civilizing our living standards. Economic growth is therefore a natural hunt in any individual set-up as such enhancements is predictable to lead to amplified wealth and affluence both for individuals and the complete nation. In regulate to restrain the heightened deficiency of sanctuary in the country, the NHP for the period spanning 1994 to 1998 was probable to build 121,000 housing units. In addition, the amount of Licensed Primary Mortgage Finance Institutions (LPMFI) rose from 251 in 1993 to 276 in 1994. However, by the end of 1998, it has declined to 115. Similarly, the Federal Government resources disbursement on somewhere to live increase by over 500 per cent to N4818.3 million in 1995 from N776.7 million in 1988, but deteriorates slightly by about to per cent to N722.0 million in 1998 (CBN 1994 and 1998). The Federal and the State Government were probable to spend N2.7 billion on housing provision during the 1996-8 NRP. Over N3.0 billion was expected to be spending by the two levels of governments during the 1999-2001 NRP (NPC, 1998 and 2000). Regardless of all these interferences and inventions and huge investments in housing requirements since the colonial times and to date, Nigerias housing pr oblems still remain intractable. In fact, access to decent shelter has wretched for increasing segments of the urban population in Nigeria. For instance, it was reported that out of 121,000 housing units be down for to be built between 1994 and 1995, only 1,014 houses were completed (CBN, 1994 and 1998; and Vision 2010 Main Report). Also, it was estimated that about 85 per cent of urban population live in single rooms, and the number of tenants per room range from 8 to 12 with adverse effects on sanitation and health. The deteriorating housing situation in Nigeria, especially at the urban centers is too critical to leave for government to level out alone. Nigeria is the 6th biggest creator of unfinished oil in the privileged confederation known as OPEC, whose members account for over two -third of the worlds total supply of this product. Also the countrys anticipated reserves of natural gas runs into billions of metric tones and the first train of the liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has recently being shipped out with the  construction all fully committed to purchases from abroad. In terms of revenue earning capability and latent, it is worth mentioning that Nigeria to date has realized over S200 billion from crude oil sales. For a country that could blow your own horn of such huge amount of possessions, it is very saddening and disturbing to note that very little of the pay packet have been put into use to boost the fortune of the Housing Industry and infrastructure. The industry should have seen a lot more commotion and government support, in large scale development schemes, and improvement and providing of infrastructure; provision of large scale community housing, creating and getting higher new towns. A superficial look at the present state of the housing condition tells an obtrusive tale of a huge paradox An absurdity of achieving so little with so many donations! A measure of inadequacy of the government that should to provide the lead. And so today the somewhere to live stipulation is in a state of down for the count, neither dying nor living!!! STATUS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN NIGERIA: Wind Energy Potentials Internationally, Nigeria is positioned within short to moderate wind liveliness zone. Ojosu and Salawu (1989) carried out the most inclusive on a national scale study on current of air get-up-and-go accessibility and latent in Nigeria. The revise uses facts on Wind speeds and guidelines for 22 meteorological Stations from the Nigerian Meteorological office, Oshodi near Lagos. The meteorological data are based on the 3-hourly records of wind for periods ranging from 12 to 33 years (1951 1983) The insolvents at 10m heights are drawn and four different wind zones/regimes are identified .The wind energy probable for wind energy consumption in Nigeria is broadly considered (Ojosu and Salawu, 1990). Solar Energy Resources in Nigeria According to Bala et al (2000), Nigeria is gifted with a twelve-monthly normal daily brightness of 6.25 hours, ranging between about 3.5 hours at the coastal areas and 9.0 hours at the far northern boundary (Figure 8). Correspondingly, it has an annual average daily solar emission of about 5.25 KW/m2/day, varying between about 3.5 kWm2/day at the coastal Area and 7.0kW/m2/day at the northern boundary (8). Nigeria accepts on the subject of 4.851x 1012 KWh of energy per day from the sun. This is the same to about 1.082 million tones of oil Equivalent (mtoe) per day, and is about 4 thousand times the current daily crude oil diminution, and about 13 thousand times that of natural gas daily construction based on energy unit. This huge energy resource from the sun is available for about 26% only of the day. The country is also characterized with some cold and dusty impression during the harmattan, in its northern part, for a period of about four months (No vember-February) annually (13). The dust has an attenuating effect on the solar radiation intensity (Bala, et al, 2001). Biogas Energy Resources Akinbami et al (2001)s consideration indicated that in Nigeria, notorious feedstock substrate for an economically reasonable biogas program embraces water lettuee, water hyacinth, dung, cassava leave, urban refuse, solid (including industrial) waste, agricultural residues and sewage. Various farming and domestic animals resources and their coupled residues have the prospective substrates for biogas production in the country. Akinbami et al (2001)s views include the following; Nigeria produces about 227,500 tons of fresh animal wastes daily. Since 1 kilogram (kg) of fresh animal wastes produces about 0.03 m3 gas, then Nigeria can produce about 6.8 million m3 of biogas every day. In addition to all these, 20kg of municipal solid wastes (MSW) per capital has been estimated to be generated within the country annually. By the 1991 census figure of 88.5 million inhabitants, the full amount generated MSW will be at least 1.77 million tones every year. With escalating urbanization and industrialization, the annual MSW generated will maintain to increase. Biogas construction may therefore be a money-spinning means of falling or even eliminate the peril and annoyances of urban waste in many cities by recycle them. REFERENCES:   Abumere S. (1987) Urbanisation and Urban Design in Nigeria in Onibokun A.C,   Olokesusi et al Urban Reveiwal In Nigeria   Agbola Tunde (1998) The Housing of Nigerian: A review of policy development and   Implementation. Research Report No.14.   CBN (1990-1998) Annual Report and Statement of Accounts, Central Bank of Nigeria;   Abuja.   CBN (1993-1997) Statistical Bulletin (Various issues) CBN; Abuja   Falegan S.B. (1985) Housing Finance and Funding: The Nigeria Experience In(ed)   Onibokun, Poju; Housing in Nigeria (A book of reading) NISER.   Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) (1994) Social Statistics in Nigeria FOS; Abuja   Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) (1997) Social Statistics in Nigeria, FOS, Abuja   Federal Office of Statistics(FOS) (1999) Poverty profile for Nigeria (1980-1996) FOS;   Abuja   Federal Ministry of Works And Housing (2001) Publication in Policy News Journal June   4, 2001.   Policy strategies should be targeted towards sustainable, eco-friendly alternative energy sources.   The government should set up the Ministry of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency.   Develop adequate policies with input from the civil society to address renewable energy and energy efficiency   Nigerian government should encourage the use of solar energy to provide electricity for her populace   State government be encourage to generate alternative energy sources Civil society and NGOs must be involved in the planning and implementation of renewable energy and energy efficiency policy   Capacity build should be intensified to empower communities to advocate for renewable energy and energy efficiency   Nigerian government and local NGOs should develop partnership with international agencies to develop renewable energy and energy efficiency   The importation of renewable energy products should be duty free to encourage the development in Nigeria   The government should promote the mapping of renewable energy and energy efficiency centers   Mainstream gender in the energy sector through policy formulation and implementation   The government should increase budgetary allocation to energy sector for research and development of alternative energy in Nigeria   Enhance strategic integration of relevant stakeholders groups into all policies on renewable energy

The Right to Die, and Doctor-Assisted Suicide

The Right to Die, and Doctor-Assisted Suicide: The Mission of Late Dr. Jack Kevorkian Imagine a patient in a hospital suffering from the AIDS disease. And since his diagnosis he has suffered from two bouts of pneumonia, chronic, severe sinus and skin infections, severe seizures, and extreme fatigue. Seventy percent of his vision is already lost, and the disease has gone terminal. He has requested that his doctor prescribe him medicine that would kill him thus ending his suffering. This is exactly what Dr.Jack Kevorkian has been fighting for his entire life. To shed positive light upon the controversial subject of Physician-Assisted Suicide. A little back story on Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian was the son of Armenian refugees who came to America to escape the Turkish genocide. His early talents ranged from hand-made woodwork, linguistics, to science experiments conducted in his basement. He then became a pathologist, devoting his life to the unusual task of showing the positives and s ocial benefits from death. He did not just take on the medical establishment and the law; throughout his life he dared to challenge a taboo as old as human civilization – the taboo against death† (Nicol, Wylie 2) Kevorkian was very outspoken and intensely committed to the causes that he believed in. He also lacked the ability to lie, so much, that its said that whenever he played poker with his friends, that he never bluffed, and if he bet everyone else folded. Kevorkian built a machine where patients, through self implanted pumps, have the ability to self-control the does of pain medication that they receive.And now the amount of doctors who quietly comply with a patient's request for a lethal does of medication is slowly rising up. Kevorkian made headlines by evading countless prosecutions, but then a case came up that no one could ignore, a case where a man so deteriorated due to his illness, that he could not operate the machine properly requiring Kevorkian to perso nally inject the lethal dose of medication himself. This man's name is Tom Youk and his case made the biggest impact on Kevorkian's life. Youk was diagnosed with ALS, a neuromuscular disorder caused by the death of the motor nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement.Youk's condition got worse and worse, making him unable to move his arms and legs, extreme difficulty in speaking, and having no control of his jaw and tongue causing Youk to choke on his own spit. Every doctor he would visit would just prescribe him a different ineffective pain medication that would do no benefit to his condition. Youk had asked several doctors to help him commit suicide but each one would not help him with his request. Then his family contacted Kevorkian, and after very careful research on Youk's medical records, Kevorkian obliged to go through with his treatment. Kevorkian would later say, ‘He just was terrified of choking to death, and he must have felt that he was on the verge of it. And I couldn't have him suffer in that kind of frame of mind because if a man is terrified, it's up to me to dispel that terror. ‘ † (Nicol, Wylie 9) Through multiple times, Kevorkian made sure that the patient had control over their death, for example, he would hook up a sedative that would go through a patient's IV, stopping the patient's heart if that patient would push a button.Youk was different, because he did not have the ability to physically activate a switch that would release a sedative that would kill him so he requested that Kevorkian would personally give the injection himself. Kevorkian's thought on this was that he would make a statement to the public after assisting Youk, win the court case, and then hopefully this would relieve the fear doctors had in doing the things that he did. Kevorkian recorded the process on tape, read a consent form to Youk, and the next following day, upon Youk's request, injected the lethal sedative into Youk's IV.After the vid eo being released to the public huge debates both medically and legally broke out. Three days later the state of Michigan charged Kevorkian for first-degree murder. When interviewed for ABC's 60 Minutes Kevorkian was portrayed as â€Å"Dr. Death† a man who caused another man to die and did not even seemed bother by it. After several trials, Jack Kevorkian was sentenced to 25 years in a maximum-security penitentiary. His health began to fail when in prison. He broke two ribs after falling in the recreation yard.He suffered from a double hernia, suffered from high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, adrenal insufficiency, chronic pulmonary obstruction disease, cataracts, and Hepatitis C. He was suffering the same fate as Tom Youk only this time he had no one to relieve his suffering. By 1999 Dr. Kevorkian became the poster boy for assisted suicide. Physician-Assisted suicide was made legal in the state of Oregon, and 86 percent of the country supported physician- assisted suicide to be made legal nationwide.A lot of people do not know the difference between euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. â€Å"If a third party performs the last act that intentionally causes a patient’s death, euthanasia has occurred†¦ On the other hand, if the person who dies performs the last act, assisted suicide has taken place. † (Hamlon, Marker) There are always two sides to every argument. One who supports a cause and another that opposes the cause. A large group of people are giving their support in trying to legalize physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia nationally.Richard Ikeda, a doctor who cares for low-income elderly patients, has stated, â€Å"When cure is no longer possible, the majority of Californians, and the majority of California physicians, want dying patients to have the right to make end-of-life choices in accord with their own values and beliefs†¦ This week [October 27, 2007] completed ten years' experience with Oregon's death with dignity laws, and all studies show end-of-life care has improved for all Oregonians. † (31) More and more physicians are trying to legalize physician-assisted suicide nationally to benefit for their suffering patients.An example of where physician-assisted suicide would benefit a patient would be Percy Bridgman. Bridgman was a Nobel-Prize winning physicist suffering from terminal cancer at the age of seventy nine. He was wracked with pain and drained of hope that he mustered up the courage to pull the trigger of a gun ending his own life forcing others to the agony of discovering his bloody and mangled body. Another example would be James Poe, who is a sixty-nine year old man suffering from emphysema which suffocates him time to time as well as heart failure due to his pulmonary disease.He must be hooked up to an oxygen tank at all times and needs to take morphine regularly to calm his anxiety due to his suffocation. He is mentally competent and has reques ted to commit suicide by taking physician-prescribed pills. There are countless more cases where patients would have benefited from physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. Thomas A. Bowden, a legal analyst at the Ayn Rand Institute, states that individuals actually have the legal right to choose death. What lawmakers must grasp is that there is no rational basis upon which the government can properly prevent any individual from choosing to end his own life. When religious conservatives enact laws to enforce the idea that their God abhors suicide, they threaten the central principle on which America was founded on† (Bowden 36) The Declaration of Independence states that each individual person exists as an end for himself. This means that no one can interfere with this person's right to live or not and that no one may obstruct this person's sense of his own happiness.If happiness were to be blocked by a dreaded disease though, and the end result is a very slow and painful deat h, then why try to obstruct a person's decision to end their suffering? Society should not have to give anyone the permission to end his or her life, it is their choosing, their right. So a doctor willing to assist a completely mentally sane person to end his or her own life to end at heir suffering due to an illness that is untreatable and non-curable then that doctor should also have the right to do their bidding.Religious conservatives also have no legal right to force their beliefs upon a person if that person wants to end their life to end their suffering. Speaking of religion on the issue, actual ministers and religious people have begin to find loop holes in the text and started to try and prove that physician-assisted suicide was actually very moral. Alvaro Vargas Llosa, senior and director of the Center of Global Prosperity at the Independent Institute, has stated that the religious argument against euthanasia contradicts a Judeo-Christian tradition. The religious argument against euthanasia-that it violates the sanctity of life-contradicts the single most powerful premise of the Judeo-Christian tradition: that God gives every person free will. † (Llosa 69) It basically undermines the belief that the spirit outlives the body. These conservatives are putting mercy on the useless body rather than the everlasting soul that is suffering. A few other contradictions: Jews perishing at Masada rather than being enslaved or Christians martyring themselves rather than betray God by bowing to a Roman deity.The death of a terminally ill patient can lift off the pain and the suffering of not only the patient, but the patient's family as well. No more do they have to here their wails of pain or seeing them suffer before their eyes, just the simple fact that they know that their loved one is at peace can bring happiness through the whole family. By making a life and death situation, this person is making a choice to help someone left behind. And helping anothe r brings a higher value to a person's own existence. As Minister Kenneth W. Phifer put it, â€Å"To choose death sooner rather than later can be an act of high moral stature.Mere existence is not an absolute value. † (71) Religious conservatives may have their morals and their excuses as to why physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia may seem sinful within their eyes but these statements listed above has contradicted and proven that a person can still have strong religious beliefs, but still can take consider that physician-assisted suicide is still an acceptable way to relieve themselves of suffering a long awaited and painful death even from their own god's eyes. Today, death is more of an urgent issue due to an increase in medical knowledge and technology.Not all pain can be managed though. No one should have the right to force someone to face grievous pain because they think it is more moral. No one should deny anyone the right to end their own life to end their sufferi ng because it does not seem right in their eyes. â€Å"Furthermore, doctors cannot always be healers. Each of us will come to a point in life when no medical treatment will help us, save perhaps to relieve our pain. At that point, when our condition is terminal, what we need more than anything else is intelligent compassion. (Phifer 77) Sometimes what terminal patients need is not medication to ease their physical pain, but sometimes true compassion and knowing of what they are going through. Medication for the soul to soothe their emotional pain, to help them ease into death peacefully. A lot of doctors do this method called the â€Å"double effect† and religious communities support this. What the â€Å"double effect† is, is that it is a principle where doctors prescribe medication for pain even though they know that the level of medication will kill the patient. Even Pope John Paul II approves of the â€Å"double effect†. It is licit to relieve pain by narcot ics, even when the result decreased consciousness and a shortening of life. † (Pope John Paul II, The Gospel of Life). A lot of people argue that if physician-assisted suicide were to be made legal, that there would be an increase in suicides among disadvantaged individuals. Well according to the University of Utah, â€Å"legalizing physician-assisted suicide in Oregon and the Netherlands did not result in a disproportionate number of deaths among the elderly, poor, women, minorities, uninsured, minors, chronically ill, less educated or psychiatric patients. (130) The studies showed that within the ten study groups, only the group with AIDS infected people opted for the use of physician-assisted suicide. â€Å"Whereas modern medicine has brought great benefits to humanity, it cannot entirely solve the pain and distress of the dying process. Each person deals with death in their individual way. Which way is determined by their health, their ethics, and personal living conditi ons. † (Humphry) It just boils down to how the individual reacts to their condition. If a atient is in such unbearable pain and suffering that they want someone to end their life peacefully to relieve their pain, then so be it. No one should have to force their opinion as fact and not allow the patient to do so because of the doctor's or family's belief. It all depends on what that one individual wants. It is their life, let them be in control of it. With every group that is for a cause, there is always a group against the cause as well. And when it comes to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, things do not change.With a large support group behind these causes comes a large anti-group too. Trudy Chun and Marian Wallace are writers for Concerned Women for America, a conservative, pro-family, pro-life organization. â€Å"The very laws once deigned to protect a person's inalienable right to life now permit the elimination of those deemed unworthy to live. And in the name of compassion, doctors trained to heal and to prolong life are shortening and even snuffing it out altogether. † (Chun, Wallace 41) Doctors swore an oath to keep a patient alive as much and as long as possible no matter what.Killing a patient on purpose goes against everything a doctor stands for, everything a doctor was trained to do. This oath is called the â€Å"Hippocratic Oath† and within this oath a physician must state, â€Å"I will give no deadly medicine, even when asked. † Physicians are healers and the inability of physicians of preventing death does not mean a physician has the right to cause death. Diane Coleman, and executive director of progress Center for Independent Living, which is a nonprofit nonresidential service and advocacy center operated by and for people with disabilities.Coleman was born with a neuromuscular disability since birth, and was given a life expectancy of twelve years. When she outlived this her diagnosis and expectancy chang ed as well. Within the next few years she began to develop respiratory problems and began to use a breathing machine at night. â€Å"I had two other friends, one in her 20's and one in her 50's, who needed the same thing. But their doctors discouraged them from it, reinforcing their fears, and either didn't know or didn't disclose what the medical journals said would happen as a result.At an early age they each went into respiratory distress, and died within a month from infections. † (Coleman 190) Doctors today are pushing ways in which to end patients lives shorter rather than prolonging their life and treating their problems to the fullest. Seventy percent of Kevorkian's â€Å"terminally ill† patients are said to have not even be terminally ill in the first place, meaning that there was still a chance in saving these individuals lives and if physicians would be allowed to kill their patients on their patients will then a treatment that could actually work may never be found.Ira Byock, director and professor of palliative care at Dartmouth Medical School, states that palliative care should be considered instead of assisted suicide. â€Å"Mortality teaches us a lot about life, if we let it. One thing it teaches is that human life in inherently spiritual, whether or not a person has a religion† (Byock 227) What hospice is, is that it is an end-of-life option. It is meant to bring comfort, dignity, and calmness in dealing with a terminally ill patient.It brings a sense of compassion and respect for the dignity of each individual patient on how he or she deals and encounters death. Instead of prematurely ending another person's life instantaneously, It makes sure the patient lives life to the very last comfortably and lovingly. It gives the patient the peace of mind that he or she has been made to feel as comfortable as possible and peace of mind to their loved ones by knowing that such care is taking place. As with the pro side of physician -assisted suicide, religion plays a huge part in the anti portion. The Christian understanding of humanity insists that we are not autonomous creatures that have the right to determine when we shall live and when we shall die† (Mohler 92) Christian's believe that it is God's duty to determine when a body lives and when a body dies and that if the body were to be slain prematurely at the hand of another person intentionally then that soul would be punished. Religion is an extremely important variable when it comes to suicide since suicide is seen to be sinful. Christians believe that life has meaning.That life is not just a course, but a gift. Life is all about experiences and experiences includes good things, happiness, compassion, love, but also experiencing â€Å"the bad too† such as pain, and suffering. In all in all religion is a very important factor since most citizens in America are Christians and with the campaign to legalize euthanasia and physician-assisted su icide continues, these supporters must convince these religious conservatives in order to legalize euthanasia and physician-assisted nationally.Again, with every big controversial topic, there will always be a pro side and an anti side. Each group will have their own very good points being made. But the key idea of physician-assisted suicide would not have been made as popular as it is today without the compassionate, influential, and controversial ideas of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. His compassion for seeking out and showing the public the truth of physician-assisted suicide and the goodness it entails is enticing. The amount of court cases he had dodged and accusations he got away from is still remarkable to this day.Though he was known as â€Å"Dr. Death† as portrayed by the media, people who really knew Kevorkian knew that he was a very humble, kind, and passionate old man just trying to help the unfortunate. And even though he has since passed, there are still plenty, upon plen ty of people out there to make it their life's work to make sure that Kevorkian's vision of a nation that accepts physician-assisted suicide as a legal and moral practice to do on suffering terminal patients comes true.

Why Everybody Is Wrong About Transfer Application Essay Samples to Ucla and Why You Should View This Report Right Now

Why Everybody Is Wrong About Transfer Application Essay Samples to Ucla and Why You Should View This Report Right Now The Rise of Transfer Application Essay Samples to Ucla It's simple to point out an essay that's been written solely for the interest of it. Because you are interested in getting the essay to communicate the ideal information about you, you have to do thorough preparation for the sample college admission essays to accomplish its purposes. All you have to do is specify if you want your essay to be delivered. Our admission essay examples can prove that we're here in order to provide simply the ideal assistance to assure you which you submit an application essay that you may be confident in. Transfer Application Essay Samples to Ucla - the Story Developing an excellent college essay may lose its purpose in the event the content of what you've written is not what the university is asking for. The duration of your essay is not what universities start looking for. 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Inside my opinion, a thriving student is someone who wants not just to learn but also to make something new. One reason that the admissions office wishes to learn which of the applicants has been through something unlike the majority of other people is they're hoping to raise the number of points of view in the student body. Even more than knowing that you had the ability to correct the issue, colleges wish to observe how you approached the circumstance. The Most Popular Transfer Application Essay Samples to Ucla To discover what has to be finished, you ought to take a look at a wonderful deal of other essay examples. Below is a guide which should help you to find great sample college admission essays for inspiration and ideas about how to use them to compose your own cover letter. The way you begin your essay is essential to the reception your essay will receive, so this step should take up lots of your essay writing process. When you start to compose your college application essay, think about all the things which make you the person which you are. The way you start your application essay is vital to how well it is going to be received. For a beginning, the typical application essay topics need you to use language that's absolutely free from language flaws and grammatical mistakes. The essay is a fantastic tool, as it lets you tell your own story in your words. Really, the application essays are a lot closer to a quick story. Transfer Application Essay Samples to Ucla - Dead or Alive? Academic transcripts have to be connected to the UC application (transfer). Nearly all college authorities ask you to compose an application essay before getting an admission. Upcoming college students might also be requested to compose a college essay for a component of their first requirements. UCLA is among the most well-known universities in California. Writing a college application essay can be challenging for you in case you don't follow proper guidelines. The Common Application makes it possible for you to apply to more or less 700 distinct colleges. Along with the overall UC Application, a supplemental application is demanded. Vital Pieces of Transfer Application Essay Samples to Ucla Because personal statements are short, you just won't have enough time to spell out everything you've loved about a specific subject in enough detail to make it count. Otherwise, you should beef up your details. Your application should consist of other intriguing things which you would not normally include in the resume. Start with a principal idea and cite specific evidence to back up your statement about yourself. Transfer Application Essay Samples to Ucla - Overview Your application essay will be able to help you stick out from the remainder of the candidates and get noticed by the admission board. 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Interview With A Public Health Professional Essay

Interview with a Public Health Professional Summary I interviewed my primary care physician Dr. Michelle Class, who is a pediatrician in the private practice of Lori McAuliffe, M.D., P.A. Dr. Class has worked in the field of pediatrics since completing Medical school at The University of Florida and a 3-year residency to become a board certified pediatrician. She offers primary care to children from birth till the age of twenty-one, and provides routine physicals to chart growth and development, well-visits, and professional consultation, diagnosis and treatment for chronic and temporary illness or other health issues. All efforts work toward preventing disease and injury amongst children, the primary goal of all pediatricians in the field of health care. The practice at which she works also allows doctors to utilize epidemiological resources and inform patients about current health trends regarding illness, current school, county regulations updates on health and vaccination deadlines, and basic understanding of childcare, hygiene, a nd nutrition practices for children and parents. I chose to interview Dr. Class because she is an excellent doctor, who I have been privileged to have over the years. She has personally given me her very best whenever my health was poor, as well as been a wonderful person who truly cares for her patients physical and mental wellbeing. Her passion and dedication to the craft of pediatric medicine are evident in the quality of care and service sheShow MoreRelatedThe Public Health Practitioner That I Interviewed1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe public health practitioner that I interviewed is Mr. Raed Mansour. Mr. Mansour is the Executive Assistant to the Commissioner of the Chicago Department of Public Health. 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